புதிதாய் பிறந்த குழந்தைகளின் மீதான கவனிப்பு

கல்வியறிவு மருத்துவம் மற்றும் ஏனைய வசதிகள் அதிகரித்துக் காணப்படும் இன்றைய காலத்திலும் பல்வேறு சிக்கல்களின் காரணமாக புதிதாய் பிறந்த குழந்தைகள் மருத்துவமனையில் அனுமதிக்கப்படுகிறார்கள். அவற்றில் பெரும்பாலானவை தகுந்த கவனிப்பின் மூலம் தவிர்க்கப்படக் கூடியவை. அதற்காகப் பெற்றோரும் உறவினர்களும் கவனிக்க வேண்டிய அம்சங்களாவன,

இயலுமானவரை தாயும் சேயும் சேர்ந்திருத்தல் வேண்டும். தாய் குழந்தையை அரவணைப்பதன் மூலம் பின்வரும் நன்மைகளைப் பெறலாம்.

• தாய்ப்பாலூட்டல் இலகுவாக்கப்படுகின்றது. 
• தாய்க்கு பால் சுரப்பு அதிகரிப்பதுடன் குழந்தையும் பசியேடுக்கையில் தாய்ப்பாலை பருகமுடிகின்றது.
• தாய்க்கும் குழந்தைய்க்கும் இடையிலான பாசப்பிணைப்பு அதிகரிக்கின்றது.

What’s medical negligence?

Negligence may be defined as doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do or omission to do something which a prudent and reasonable man would do, in a given situation. Although medical accidents and misadventures are an expected social phenomenon, medical negligence is not. Medical negligence is the breach of a duty of care towards a patient which results in, harm to a patient. This could be by an act of commission or omission by the medical staff.

This duty is owed by all those professionals who hold themselves out as skilled in medical, nursing and paramedical fields. It arises independently of any contractual relationship. Medical negligence is established when four main criteria are satisfied. They are:

1. The doctor owes a duty of care to the patient
2. There is a breach of this duty by an act of commission or omission,
3. A causal relationship exists between the breach of the duty and the damage caused to the patient, and,
4. Damage or harm is caused to the patient.

For a successful action of medical negligence,

காய்ச்சல் - ஒரு நோய் அல்ல?

ஒருவருக்கு நோய் உண்டாக்கும் நுண்ணுயிரிகளின் தொற்று ஏற்படும்போது உடல் வெப்பநிலை உயர்கின்றது. இது காய்ச்சல் (Fever) எனப்படுகின்றது. 

உடம்பு நெருப்பாய் கொதிக்கிறது. நாக்கு கசந்து எதுவும் சாப்பிடப்பிடிக்க வில்லை. அலுப்பு , அமைதியின்மை, உடல் வலி , உடல் பாரம், அடித்து போட்டது போல் உடம்பு துவண்டு விடும். இது தான் காய்ச்சலின் அடையாளம். ஒரு சராசரி மனிதனின் உடல் வெப்பநிலை 98.6°F (37°C). இது ஆளாளுக்கு,நேரத்திற்கு நேரம் சிறிது மாறுபடலாம். ஆனால் இது 100.5°F அல்லது அதற்கு மேலே போகும்போது அதைக் காய்ச்சல் , ஜுரம் என்கிறோம். இதனை அனுபவப்படாதவர்களே இல்லை என்னுமளவு சர்வ சாதாரணமாகக் காணப்படுகிறது.

காய்ச்சல் ஒரு நோய் அல்ல அது உடலின் இயற்கையான நோய் எதிர்ப்பு ஆயுதம் ஆகும். உடலின் ஏனைய இடங்களில் கிருமித்தொற்றுக்கள் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளதை காட்டும் அறிகுறியாகும். நோயுண்டாக்கும் அனேக பாக்டீரியாக்களும் வைரசுகளும் சாதாரண உடல் வெப்ப நிலைக்குத் தாக்குப் பிடிக்கும். ஆனால் உடல் வெப்ப நிலை சிறிது அதிகமாகும்போது இந்த கிருமிகள் பெருகுவது மிகவும் கட்டுப் படுத்தப்படுகிறது. அதிக வெப்பநிலை வைரசுகளுக்கு ஆகாது. அது மட்டுமல்ல காய்ச்சல் நோயெதிர்ப்புத் திறனையும் அதிகப்படுத்தி அதிக வெள்ளையணுக்களையும், antibody-களையும் உருவாக்குகிறது. இதனால், வீரியம் குறைவான காய்ச்சல்களுக்கு, மருத்துவம் செய்யாது விட்டுவிடுவதும் உண்டு. 

How to Make Your Hair Thicker-2

Method 2 of 5: Using At-home Treatments

1. Make a protein mask. 

Your hair is made up of protein, so what better way to thicken it then by adding a bit more? Mix 1-2 eggs (depending on the length of your hair) with a bit of fresh aloe vera gel. Completely coat your locks and allow it to set for 10-15 minutes before washing it out with warm water.

2. Try a fenugreek paste. 

Fenugreek seeds aren’t just good for your health, they can remove and reduce dandruff while thickening your hair. Soak some of the seeds (proportional to the length of your hair) in water for 8-10 hours. Then, blend them to create a thick paste. Apply this to your hair for 30 minutes, and then rinse it out using the water the seeds soaked in.

3. Give yourself a hot oil massage. 

Natural oils, especially olive, coconut, and jojoba, help to strengthen hair and promote growth. Massaging the scalp stimulates the hair follicles, helping them to produce hair. Combine these two by warming oil to a comfortable temperature, and massaging it into your scalp. You can additionally let it set in your hair for 30-60 minutes before rinsing it out.

4. Make a flax seed rinse. 

These tiny little seeds are packed full of fatty acids which add thickness to your hair naturally. Soak these little guys in a bowl of water for 5 days. Then, apply the flax water to your scalp and allow it to soak for 10 minutes. Rinse it off with fresh water, and wait for your hair to start thickening naturally.

5. Create a fruit mask. 

Turns out the nutrients and antioxidants in fruit aren’t just great eating, they also help to add thickness to hair. Make a mask out of fresh fruit by combining avocado, banana, and grated orange peel in proportion to your hair. Cover your whole head in the mask, leaving it to set for 20-30 minutes. Wash it off and shampoo and condition as you normally would afterwards.

How to Make Your Hair Thicker

Not all of us are blessed with Penelope Cruz’s naturally luscious locks. Whether you’ve recently noticed that your hair is thinning due to age, or if your mane has always been on the thinner side, these steps can help both men and women improve hair’s overall health while attaining a fuller, thicker look

Method 1 of 5: Changing Your Hair Care

1. Minimize your washings. 

Keeping your hair clean is a must, but washing it too frequently to accomplish this task may actually be thinning your hair. Each wash rinses out scalp-borne nutrients, causing your hair to become brittle and break. Instead of daily washes, try to keep your shampooing routine to only 1-2 times weekly.

• Invest in a dry shampoo for in between washes to keep hair looking clean.
• Use conditioner every time you wash your hair to restore moisture.

Cushing’s Syndrome and Cushing’s Disease

What are Cushing’s syndrome and Cushing’s disease?

Cushing’s syndrome is a rare condition that is the result of too much of the hormone cortisol in the body. Cortisol is a hormone normally made by the adrenal glands and it is necessary for life. It allows people to respond to stressful situations such as illness, and has effects on almost all body tissues. It is produced in bursts, most in the early morning, with very few at night.

When too much cortisol is made by the body itself, it is called Cushing’s syndrome, regardless of the cause. Some patients have Cushing’s syndrome because the adrenal glands have a tumor(s) making too much cortisol. Other patients have Cushing’s syndrome because they make too much of the hormone ACTH, which causes the adrenal glands to make cortisol. When the ACTH comes from thepituitary gland it is called Cushing’s disease.

Cushing’s syndrome is fairly rare. It is more often found in women than in men and often occurs between the ages of 20 and 40.

Cushing’s disease

Cushing’s disease is a condition in which the pituitary gland releases too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The pituitary gland is an organ of the endocrine system. Cushing's disease is a form of Cushing syndrome.

Causes

• Cushing's disease is caused by a tumor or excess growth (hyperplasia) of the pituitary gland. This gland is located at the base of the brain.
• People with Cushing's disease have too much ACTH. ACTH stimulates the production and release of cortisol, a stress hormone. Too much ACTH means too much cortisol.
• Cortisol is normally released during stressful situations. It controls the body's use of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and also helps reduce the immune system's response to swelling (inflammation).

Symptoms

Symptoms usually include:

What Are the Symptoms of Breast Cancer?

In its early stages, breast cancer usually has no symptoms. As a tumor develops, you may note the following signs:

• A lump in the breast or underarm that persists after your menstrual cycle. This is often the first apparent symptom of breast cancer. Lumps associated with breast cancer are usually painless, although some may cause a prickly sensation. Lumps are usually visible on a mammogram long before they can be seen or felt.
• Swelling in the armpit.
• Pain or tenderness in the breast. Although lumps are usually painless, pain or tenderness can be a sign of breast cancer.
• A noticeable flattening or indentation on the breast, which may indicate a tumor that cannot be seen or felt.
• Any change in the size, contour, texture, or temperature of the breast. A reddish, pitted surface like the skin of an orange could be a sign of advanced breast cancer.
• A change in the nipple, such as a nipple retraction, dimpling, itching, a burning sensation, or ulceration. A scaly rash of the nipple is symptomatic of Paget's disease, which may be associated with an underlying breast cancer.
• Unusual discharge from the nipple that may be clear, bloody, or another color. It's usually caused by benign conditions but could be due to cancer in some cases.
• A marble-like area under the skin.
• An area that is distinctly different from any other area on either breast.

உலக தாய்ப்பால் வாரம் (ஆகஸ்ட் 1-ம் தேதி முதல் ஆகஸ்ட் 7-ம் தேதி வரை)

தாய்ப்பால் என்பது குழந்தைகளுக்கு இயற்கை கொடுத்த அற்புதமான வரம பாலூட்டி இனத்தைச் சேர்ந்த எல்லா உயிரினங்களும் தங்கள் குழந்தைகளைப் பாலூட்டிப் பராமரிக்கின்றன. தாய்ப்பாலின் முக்கியத்துவத்தையும், மகத்மீகத்தையும் ஒவ்வொரு இளம் தாய்க்கும் உணர்த்தும் வகையில் வருடந்தோறும் ஆகஸ்ட் 1-ம் தேதி முதல் ஆகஸ்ட் 7-ம் தேதி வரை உலக தாய்ப்பால் வாரம் அனுஸ்டிக்கப்படுகின்றது.

எத்தகைய சிரமங்கள் ஏற்பட்டாலும் குழந்தைக்குத் தாய்ப்பால் கொடுப்பதை நிறுத்தக் கூடாது என்பதை வலியுறுத்தும் வகையில் “தாய்ப்பால் ஊட்டுவது பேரிடரிலும் இன்றியமையாதது – நீங்கள் தயாரா?” என்பதை இந்த ஆண்டு உலக தாய்ப்பால் வாரத்தின் கோஷமாக உலக சுகாதார நிறுவனம் (டபிள்யு.எச்.ஓ.(WHO)) வரையறுத்துள்ளது.

HEALTHY DIETARY PRACTICES DURING THE MONTH OF RAMADAN

HEALTHY DIETARY PRACTICES DURING THE MONTH OF RAMADAN

   A.H. Mohamed Rushdi
  Postgraduate Student in Food Science & Technology
  University of Peradeniya
  bfstrushdi@gmail.com

 The Holy month of Ramadan is in front of us and everyone might be preparing themselves to grace the month. Meanwhile, I thought of sharing few important things to concsider when it comes to the dietary practices during Ramadan as it is presented to us as a month not only to refresh our “imaan” but also to regulate our systems and mechanisms in the body.

Even though, Ramadan has many health benefits for our whole body, we can see most of our people are very much concerned ONLY in portraying Ramadan’s health benefits, but failing to practice at least few healthy eating habits. It is even unfortunate to see that the body conditions of some people are becoming even worst during and at the end of Ramadan, due to their poor dietary habits.

How Can High Blood Pressure Be Prevented?

If You Have Normal Blood Pressure

If you don't have high blood pressure (HBP), you can take steps to prevent it. Healthy lifestyle habits can help you maintain normal blood pressure.

• Follow a healthy diet. Limit the amount of sodium (salt) and alcohol that you consume. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan promotes healthy eating.
• Be physically active. Routine physical activity can lower HBP and reduce your risk for other health problems.
• Maintain a healthy weight. Staying at a healthy weight can help you control HBP and reduce your risk for other health problems.
• Quit smoking. Smoking can damage your blood vessels and raise your risk for HBP. Smoking also can worsen health problems related to HBP.
• Learn to manage and cope with stress. Learning how to manage stress, relax, and cope with problems can improve your emotional and physical health.

Many people who adopt these healthy lifestyle habits are able to prevent or delay HBP. The more lifestyle changes you make, the more likely you are to lower your blood pressure and avoid related health problems.

How Is High Blood Pressure Treated?

High blood pressure (HBP) is treated with lifestyle changes and medicines.

Most people who have HBP will need lifelong treatment. Sticking to your treatment plan is important. It can help prevent or delay problems related to HBP and help you live and stay active longer.

For more tips on controlling your blood pressure, go to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's (NHLBI's) "Your Guide to Lowering Blood Pressure."

Goals of Treatment

The treatment goal for most adults is to get and keep blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg. For adults who have diabetes or chronic kidney disease, the goal is to get and keep blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg.

How Is High Blood Pressure Diagnosed?

High blood pressure (HBP) is diagnosed using a blood pressure test. This test will be done several times to make sure the results are correct. If your numbers are high, your doctor may have you return for repeat tests to check your blood pressure over time.

If your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or higher over time, your doctor will likely diagnose you with HBP. If you have diabetes or chronic kidney disease, a blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg or higher is considered HBP.

The ranges for HBP in children are different, as discussed below.

How Is Blood Pressure Tested?

A blood pressure test is easy and painless. This test is done at a doctor's office or clinic.

To prepare for the test:

• Don't drink coffee or smoke cigarettes for 30 minutes prior to the test. These actions may cause a short-term rise in your blood pressure.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of High Blood Pressure?

High blood pressure (HBP) itself usually has no signs or symptoms. Rarely, headaches may occur.

You can have HBP for years without knowing it. During this time, the condition can damage your heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other parts of your body.

Some people only learn that they have HBP after the damage has caused problems, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, or kidney failure.

Knowing your blood pressure numbers is important, even when you're feeling fine. If your blood pressure is normal, you can work with your health care team to keep it that way. If your blood pressure is too high, you can take steps to lower it. Lowering your blood pressure will help reduce your risk for related health problems.

Complications of High Blood Pressure
When blood pressure stays high over time, it can damage the body. HBP can cause:

What Causes High Blood Pressure?

Blood pressure tends to rise with age, unless you take steps to prevent or control it. Some medical problems—such as chronic kidney disease, thyroid disease, and sleep apnea—may cause blood pressure to rise. Some medicines also may raise your blood pressure. Examples include asthma medicines (for example, corticosteroids) and cold-relief products.

Other medicines also can cause high blood pressure (HBP). If you have HBP, let your doctor know about all of the medicines you take, including over-the-counter products. In some women, birth control pills, pregnancy, or hormone therapy (HT) may cause blood pressure to rise.

Women taking birth control pills usually have a small rise in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. If you already have HBP and want to use birth control pills, make sure your doctor knows about your HBP. Talk with him or her about how often you should have your blood pressure checked and how to control it while taking the pill. Taking HT to reduce the symptoms of menopause can cause a small rise in systolic blood pressure. If you already have HBP and want to start using HT, talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits. If you decide to take hormones, find out how to control

What Is High Blood Pressure?

High blood pressure (HBP) is a serious condition that can lead to coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, and other health problems. 

"Blood pressure" is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. If this pressure rises and stays high over time, it can damage the body in many ways.

Overview

About 1 in 3 adults in the United States has HBP. The condition itself usually has no signs or symptoms. You can have it for years without knowing it. During this time, though, HBP can damage your heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other parts of your body.

Knowing your blood pressure numbers is important, even when you're feeling fine. If your blood pressure is normal, you can work with your health care team to keep it that way. If your blood pressure is too high, treatment may help prevent damage to your body's organs.

Blood Pressure Numbers

5 Surprising Causes of Heart Attacks

When we think of heart attacks, we think of obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and genetics as the primary causes. But experts say other lesser-known factors often trigger potentially deadly cardiovascular events.

“Even strong, negative emotions can be culprits,” Dr. Tracy Stevens, a Kansas City-based spokesperson for the American Heart Association, tells Newsmax Health. Here are five surprising causes of heart attacks:

1. Anger, fear, and depression. 

Dr. Stevens says that negative emotions can trigger inflammation in the blood vessels that can cause plaque formations to rupture. When the plaque ruptures it can form a blood clot which in turn can cause a heart attack. Researchers at Johns Hopkins University recently published a study in The New England Journal of Medicine that showed

5 reasons to drink lemon water

Smoothies can be packed with protein; pre-workout energizers, hydrators, and post-workout recovery accelerators can deliver performance-enhancing nutrients; herbal teas can soothe or energize — all of these beverages have a functional purpose to meet specific wellness needs. And then there’s a less obvious, simple, blender-free drink that serves a mighty wellness-enhancing purpose. Providing more than just hydration, fresh lemon juice and water can deliver surprising benefits.

Starting every morning with a glass of warm lemon water is actually a ritual in Ayurveda or Yogic traditions, used to stimulate digestion for the day and clear the body of any toxins that may have settled in the digestive tract overnight. While it is tricky to apply the strict burden of evidence expected by Western science to traditional practices (often called “folk medicine”) that originated long before modern medical science standards were developed, research on the nutritional elements found in lemons suggests the numerous health benefits traditionally associated with drinking fresh lemon water daily may have merit.

We tend to reach for those warm beverages in the morning like coffee and tea, but try starting your day with some warm lemon water first to kick-start digestion. The water doesn’t always have to be warm, but it should be purified. Simply use half a fresh lemon per large glass of water or to taste and sip throughout the day. On a simple level, fresh lemons take plain old water up a notch. Here are 5 health benefits of drinking lemon water that elevate drinking it for reasons beyond just taste:

1. Support immune function: Lemons are high in antioxidant vitamin C, known for its supportive role in healthy immune function1,2 which may reduce the risk of respiratory infection3. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) found in lemons demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects, and is used as complementary support for asthma and other respiratory symptoms4,5. Lemons also contain saponins6, which show antimicrobial properties that may help keep cold and flu at bay. Last but not least, ascorbic acid enhances iron absorption in the body; iron plays an important role in immune function7.   
2. Alkalize the body: Although the tartness of a lemon may make them seem acidic, lemons are actually one of the most alkalizing foods for the body. Lemons contain both citric and ascorbic acid, weak acids easily metabolized from the body allowing the mineral content of lemons to help alkalize the blood.  
3. Aid digestion: Citrus flavonols8 are believed responsible for lemon’s traditional use as a digestive tonic. Believed to stimulate and purify the liver, lemon juice is traditionally understood to support digestive hydrochloric acid in the stomach further aiding digestion. Vitamin C status has been associated with reduced risk of peptic ulcers caused by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori.   

Boost your brain power with these 5 tips

Maintaining a healthy brain is essential as it is the command centre of the entire body. It controls daily functions like motor control, visual and auditory processing, sensation, learning, memory and emotions. Your brain deteriorates as you grow older but the rate is accelerated if you don’t take care of it. Here are some steps you can take to help keep your brain healthy and delay the onset of cognitive decline.

1. Exercise

Studies have shown that exercise helps in increasing brain power apart from strengthening your heart and muscles. Although regular exercise such as walking boosts brain power, aerobic exercise benefits the most as it improves cognitive function and increases the size of

Tooth Filling

  A dental filling is a material used to replace missing tooth structure. Tooth structure is most often lost as a result of decay caused by the demineralization of a tooth. The type of restoration technique used to repair a damaged tooth is determined by the severity of the damage and availability of restorative materials.

What is a Temporary Filling?

Temporary fillings are made of materials that are intended to last for up to one month. Zinc oxide eugenol is a material commonly used for temporary fillings. Temporary fillings are